linux下怎样安装oracle 11g数据库?
linux下命令行安置oracle 11g数据库
1、预备:
本次安置的根本环境:vmware中安置centos6.10(虚拟机安置这里就不做介绍了)
虚拟机要求:内存引荐2G以上
需要下载Linux版本下对应的oracle安置包:
下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
对应的oracle版本:
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
课程引荐:《linux课程》
2、机器根基配置修改
(1)设定系统:Oracle只支撑操纵系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6,故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release #CentOS release 6.10 (Final) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
(2)机器信息关闭,selinux,防火墙的不必要的效劳
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config //selinux关闭(disabled) # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop //防火墙关闭 [root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.152.130 Oracle //新增行:IP 机器名(这是我的ip和主机名)
(3)修改会员的限制文件
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf //在该文件内增加以下内容 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240
(4)修改内核参数
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf //在文件中增加以下内容 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 10523004 kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 [root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p // 施行这条语句使配置生效
(5)依靠包安置
[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp
3、创立会员、组,安置名目
(1)创立会员、组
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper [root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle [root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle [root@Oracle ~]# id oracle //查看会员所属组 uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)
(2)创建安置名目
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app
(3)设定并刷新环境变量
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile //给该文件增加以下内容 umask 022 export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ora11g export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib [root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile //施行该句使配置生效
4、安置Oracle
(1)拷贝Oracle安置文件到指定名目
[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/
(2)切换到oracle会员,解压安置包
[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/ [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解压后得到database名目,其中response名目里面有三个rsp文件,用来作为静默安置时应对文件的模板。离别为:
[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l total 76 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug 8 17:10 dbca.rsp //安置应对 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug 8 14:23 db_install.rsp //创立数据库应对 -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5740 Feb 26 2009 netca.rsp //创立监听,当地效劳名等网络设定
(5)修改配置文件,安置Oracle数据库
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/ //备份
(6)修改后的静默安置配置文件db_install.rsp内容如下:
[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD=
(7)开端静默安置
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database [oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
(8)查看安置进度
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs [oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log
(9)当显现以下信息时
var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.
翻开新的客户端使用root身份施行以下足本
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
(10)施行完上面的足本后回到安置界面按下Enter连续。
5、配置Oracle监听
(1)运转监听文件
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
运转成功之后,在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin名目下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora
施行以下命令查看监听器可否已经在1521端口上开端工作了
[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521 tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1792/tnslsnr
假如监听没有启动,则手动启动监听器
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start
(2)配置Oracle数据库
[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com" //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名 SID="ora11g" //149行 SID SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" //190行 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //200行 CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码 NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码
(3)创立数据库
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp
6、启动数据库
进入Oracle SQL命令行
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'
启动时会显现以上错误,解决办法如下:寻到init.ora.78201817526文件,将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs名目下
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora //定位寻觅目标文件 /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526 //目标文件 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora [oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/ [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls init.ora.78201817526 [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ [oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora //将目标文件改成所需文件名
进入到Oracle SQL命令行中,施行startup
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> startup //启动数据库实例 ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes Fixed Size 2217992 bytes Variable Size 494929912 bytes Database Buffers 339738624 bytes Redo Buffers 2396160 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
**** 参照 文章:
https://blog.csdn.net/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892
https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597
相关引荐:《Linux运维》
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