解决MySQL会涌现中文乱码题目的办法

1、MySQL会涌现中文乱码的缘由
当我们在运用MySQL数据库的时候，时常会遇到乱码的题目，看下面的代码。

    mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

    mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
    ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE5\xAE\x8B\xE8\x94\x9A...' for column 'name' at row 1
    mysql>

很显然，当插入中文的时候报错，缘由在哪呢？

    mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database   | latin1                     |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server     | latin1                     |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+

character_set_client 客户端运用的字符编码
character_set_connection 数据库链接运用的编码
character_set_database 数据库运用的字符编码
本来是字符编码与办事端、数据库的编码不同一而造成的。

2、MySQL会涌现中文乱码的解决办法
办法一：设定names

    mysql> set names latin1;
    
    mysql> set names latin1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from test;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from test;
    +------+-----------+
    | id   | name      |
    +------+-----------+
    |    1 | 宋蔚然    |
    +------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设定

     mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | latin1                     |
    | character_set_connection | latin1                     |
    | character_set_database   | latin1                     |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
    | character_set_results    | latin1                     |
    | character_set_server     | latin1                     |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+

字符编码同一就不会涌现乱码。
解决乱码题目其实就是将客户端的字符编码与办事端、数据库的编码同一。这里的办事端与数据库编码都是latin1，所有set names latin1即可暂时解决乱码题目。

办法二：修改数据库配置文件字符集为UTF8
UTF8支撑许多说话体系，因而在生产中热烈倡议将字符编码设定UTF8。打开数据库的配置文件，离别在[client]，[mysql]，[mysqld]下增加如下内容。

    #vi /mysql/data/3306/my.cnf
    
    [client]
    default-character-set=utf8
    
    [mysql]
    default-character-set=utf8
    
    [mysqld]
    default-storage-engine=INNODB
    character-set-server=utf8
    collation-server=utf8_general_ci

重新启动数据库

   [root@test ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

重写新建库和表

    mysql> create database test;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> use test;
    Database changed
    mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10));
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
    
    mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然');
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from test;
    +------+-----------+
    | id   | name      |
    +------+-----------+
    |    1 | 宋蔚然    |
    +------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设定

    mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%';
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | Variable_name            | Value                      |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+
    | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
    | character_set_database   | utf8                       |
    | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
    | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
    | character_set_server     | utf8                       |
    | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
    | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
    +--------------------------+----------------------------+

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