mysql增加分区出错怎么办？

mysql增加分区出错，报“1503”错误的缘由：每一个分区表中的公式中的列，必需在主键“unique key”中包罗，不然就报错；解决办法：先使用“PRIMARY KEY”关键字创立一个复合主键，将分区字段参加到主键中，再停止分区操纵。

（引荐教程：mysql视频教程）

假如分区字段没有包括在主键字段内，如表A的主键为ID,分区字段为createtime ，按时间范畴分区，代码如下：

CREATE TABLE T1 (
     id int(8) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
     createtime datetime NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
PARTITION BY RANGE(TO_DAYS (createtime))
(
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-04-15')),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-01')),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-15')),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-31')),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-06-15')),
PARTITION p19 VALUES LESS ThAN  MAXVALUE);

错误提醒：#1503

A PRIMARY KEY MUST INCLUDE ALL COLUMNS IN THE TABLE'S PARTITIONING FUNCTION

MySQL主键的限制，每一个分区表中的公式中的列，必需在主键“unique key”中包罗

在MYSQL的官方文档里是这么说明的

18.5.1. Partitioning Keys, Primary Keys, and Unique Keys

This section discusses the relationship of partitioning keys with primary keys and unique keys. The rule governing this relationship can be expressed as follows: All columns used in the partitioning expression for a partitioned table must be part of every unique key that the table may have.

In other words,every unique key on the table must use every columnin the table's partitioning expression. (This also includes the table's primary key, since it is by definition a unique key. This particular case is discussed later in this section.) For example, each of the following table creation statements is invalid:

分区字段必需包括在主键字段内，至于为什么MYSQL会这样思考，CSDN的斑竹是这么说明的：

为了确保主键的效力。不然统一主键区的东西一个在Ａ分区，一个在Ｂ分区，明显会比力费事。 copyright

下面计议解决方法，究竟在一张表里，日期做主键的还是不常见。

办法1：

顺应MYSQL的要求，就把分区字段参加到主键中，组成复合主键

CREATE TABLE T1 (
     id int(8) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
     createtime datetime NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (id,createtime)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
PARTITION BY RANGE(TO_DAYS (createtime))
(
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-04-15')),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-01')),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-15')),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-31')),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-06-15')),
PARTITION p19 VALUES LESS ThAN  MAXVALUE);

测试通过，分区成功。

办法2：

既然MYSQL要把分区字段包括在主键内才能创立分区，那么在创立表的时候，先不指定主键字段，可否可以呢？？

测试如下：

CREATE TABLE T1 (
     id int(8) NOT NULL ,
     createtime datetime NOT NULL
      ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
PARTITION BY RANGE(TO_DAYS (createtime))
(
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-04-15')),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-01')),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-15')),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-05-31')),
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DAYS('2010-06-15')),
PARTITION p19 VALUES LESS ThAN  MAXVALUE);

测试通过，分区成功。OK copyright

连续增加上主键

alter table t1 add PRIMARY KEY(ID)

错误1503，和前面一样的错误。

alter table t1 add PRIMARY KEY(ID,createtime)

创立主键成功，但还是复合主键，看来是没方法了，必需听指示了。

主键创立成功，把ID加上自增字段设定

alter table t1 change id id int not null auto_increment;
alter table t1 auto_increment=1;

最后结论，MYSQL的分区字段，必需包括在主键字段内。

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