介绍mysql索引失效的状况
发布时间:12/01 来源:未知 浏览:
关键词:
全值匹配(索引最好)
explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 and pos = 'cxy' and phone = '18730658760';
和索引次序无关,MySQL底层的优化器会停止优化,调整索引的次序 explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 and pos = 'cxy' and phone = '18730658760';
1、违反最左前缀规则
假如索引有多列,要遵照最左前缀规则 即查询从索引的最左前列开端并且不跳过索引中的列 explain select * from user where age = 20 and phone = '18730658760' and pos = 'cxy';
2、在索引列上做任何操纵
如运算、函数、(主动or手动)类型转换等操纵,会致使索引失效从而全表扫描 explain select * from user where left(name,5) = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 and phone = '18730658760';
3、索引范畴前提右侧的列
索引范畴前提右侧的索引列会失效 explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age > 20 and pos = 'cxy';
4、尽量使用覆盖索引
只拜访索引查询(索引列和查询列一致),减少select* explain select name,age,pos,phone from user where age = 20;
5、使用不等于(!=、<>)
mysql在使用不等于(!=、<>)的时候没法使用索引会致使全表扫描(除覆盖索引外) explain select * from user where age != 20; explain select * from user where age <> 20;
6、like以通配符开头('%abc')
索引失效 explain select * from user where name like '%zhangsan';
索引生效 explain select * from user where name like 'zhangsan%';
7、字符串不加单引号索引失效
explain select * from user where name = 2000;
8、or连接
少用or explain select * from user where name = '2000' or age = 20 or pos ='cxy';
9、order by
正常(索引参与了排序) explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 order by age,pos; 备注:索引有两个作用:排序和查寻
致使额外的文件排序(会落低机能) explain select name,age from user where name = 'zhangsan' order by pos;//违反最左前缀规则 explain select name,age from user where name = 'zhangsan' order by pos,age;//违反最左前缀规则 explain select * from user where name = 'zhangsan' and age = 20 order by created_time,age;//含非索引字段
10、group by
正常(索引参与了排序) explain select name,age from user where name = 'zhangsan' group by age; 备注:分组此前必排序(排序同order by)
致使发生暂时表(会落低机能) explain select name,pos from user where name = 'zhangsan' group by pos;//违反最左前缀规则 explain select name,age from user where name = 'zhangsan' group by pos,age;//违反最左前缀规则 explain select name,age from user where name = 'zhangsan' group by age,created_time;//含非索引字段
使用的示例数据
mysql> show create table user \G ****************************************************** Table: user Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL, `age` int(10) DEFAULT '0', `pos` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, `phone` varchar(11) DEFAULT NULL, `created_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `idx_name_age_pos_phone` (`name`,`age`,`pos`,`phone`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
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